Since 1991, when the Somali state
crumpled and the country became engulfed in civil war, many pundits have
pontificated about what led to the crisis. Questions abound regarding why the
government collapsed and anarchy ensued. Thousands of Somalis were killed;
others fled their country and became refugees all over the world. Every day,
hundreds of Somalis leave home and venture into the high seas looking for
better opportunities. In Kenya alone, close to a half-million Somalis are
refugees in Dadaab Camp.
Shaikh Mohamed Idris is a
renowned Somali-American cleric who has published a dozen books and, given
thousands of lectures that are available on cassettes, CD, DVDs and widely
viewed on Somali TVs. He is a globetrotter, always on the move. “I have visited
all the Somali communities in the diaspora except the ones in New Zealand and
Australia,” he said, smiling. He helps emerging Somali communities in Africa, the
Middle East, Europe, and North America to build their own mosques and Islamic schools.
He is hotly pursued by various Somali communities as a guest speaker.
Shaikh Idris is articulate,
soft-spoken, and widely read. He is at ease talking about Qur’anic exegesis and
modern theories of organizational leadership. He speaks Arabic and English fluently
and peppers his language with Somali anecdotes. His wry sense of humor is
palpable. When he gives lectures, he has a way of connecting with his audience.
One recurring topic in his frequent lectures is the current situation in
Somalia.
Two years ago, as a guest
speaker, Idris generated minor controversy in the Abubakar Islamic Center in
Minneapolis—the same mosque the FBI investigated for allegedly recruiting
missing Somali youths, which turned out to be untrue—when he told the Somali
parents present to forget about Somalia’s problems and focus on their children
here in the United States. A young man known for his jihadi sympathies
protested and became engaged in a scuffle with a mosque administrator.
Afterward, the incident went viral in some jihadi websites, condemning Idris as
a sell-out and a scholar who had forsaken his own people and country. The
radical youths missed the point of Idris’ message, as will be explained later.
What Went Wrong in Somalia
As an Islamic scholar and
activist, Shaikh Mohamed Idris views the current situation in Somalia as a
result of God’s fate, or what he calls “Qadar-u-Allah” (Allah’s fate). Anything
that happens on this planet, whether good or bad, says Idris, is ordained by
God. However, God does not change people until they themselves change. While it
is God’s fate, Idris makes it clear that the Somali debacle is all the doing of
Somalis themselves. “They have destroyed their country in their own hands
because of crimes they have done,” explains Idris. Somalis have disobeyed God,
became divisive, and performed wrongdoing against each other, he adds. Idris
uses the Qur’anic term “Tafarruq”
(disunity) as one of the major causes of the Somali crisis. Somalis became
divided--clan against clan, group against group, and region against region.
What followed was, according to Idris, “Tanaazuc”
(to dispute). Somalis became divided and engaged in chronic disputation. Idris
mentions this Qur’anic verse as guidance: “…And
obey Allah and His Messenger and do not dispute with one another lest you falter,
and your strength departs from you; but be steadfast; surely Allah is with the
steadfast” (8:24). Somalis have
committed “dulmi” (wrongdoing)
against God and each other. They have treated each other despicably,
discriminated against each other, fought against one another, and failed to
maintain order and civility. According to Idris, God does not punish nations
just because they are disbelievers; instead, He targets nations that are
unjust.
The major crime of wrongdoing in
Somalia is not limited to its people. Idris mentions what happened in 1975 when
10 religious scholars opposed a new family law about inheritance, which was contrary
to Qur’anic teachings. These clerics spoke against the law and were killed
publicly. Interestingly, according to Idris, that day the ‘sky cried’ when it heavily
rained, but the Somali people were silent and fearful, and they did not shed
tears for the unjust killing of these clerics. Some even attended their public executions
by firing squad. That horrible crime by the Somali government, according to
Idris, was followed by systematic government targeting of one clan after another
through killings, mass arrests, the poisoning of wells, starvation, and
uprooting.
Shaikh Idris is critical of the
natural reflex of Somali politicians and intellectuals who always blame
foreigners—especially Ethiopians—for the Somali debacle. When Somalis became
divided, he asserted, they started seeking help from their enemies, such as the
various Ethiopian regimes. Somali politicians seeking support from Ethiopia did
not begin in the early 1990s, maintains Idris; rather it began earlier, in
1978. “We have appealed to former Ethiopian leaders like Mengistu Haile Marian
and Meles Zenawi,” Idris says. “Ethiopia did not dare to invade Somalia in
1975, or 1980, or 1985 simply because we were united and strong.” In addition,
more Somalis died at the hands of their fellow Somali brethren than at the
hands of the Ethiopians.
Shaikh Idris would rather have a
bad government than no government. Despite his fierce criticism of the Barre
regime, Idris saw the semblance of statehood, order, and a functioning
government. For example, “In 1972, I was a youngster in Qandala, a town 2000 km
away from Mogadishu,” says Idris. That small town of 10,000 residents had a
hospital, school, water services, a police station, and postal services. “I
used to receive regularly letters from my brother who was in Europe,” he adds.
That was a basic service from a functioning government that anyone must
appreciate. “Now, in 2014, you can’t even have a letter delivered in Hargeisa
or Mogadishu, the capital.”
While the problems in Somalia
should be seen in the context of what is going on in many Third World countries,
Idris sees Somalia as a unique country that has constantly failed to use its
God-given resources. The country has the longest coastline in Africa with a
length of 3,300 km, yet it is not utilized. “Our people are hungry, unskilled,
and unable to live off such a vast resource alone,” explains Idris. “The real
pirates in Somalia are the foreign ships illegally fishing in Somalia’s coast,”
he says. “According to a Time
magazine report, European ships alone are illegally netting 300 million euros
per year from Somali coasts.” It is ridiculous that European countries are
attesting that they want to provide foreign assistance to Somalia when some of
these states are stealing our resources.
The Way Out
Every problem, of course, has a
solution. Shaikh Idris proposes key solutions that can help Somalia extricate itself
from its abyss. He is averse to the petty talks about federalism, 4.5 clan
power sharing, and these endless—mind you, fruitless—attempts at peace
conferences and reconciliation. Idris wants first and foremost for the Somali
people to make “tawbah” (repentance)
and return to God. Part of the repentance process, he expounds, is to redress
the wrongdoing that Somalis have inflicted upon each other. For instance, people
who have killed their fellow brothers must confess and address such heinous
crimes, and all stolen or confiscated properties should be returned to their
rightful owners. “We can’t just shrug off and let bygones be bygones,” he says.
“Unfortunately, those leaders who shed blood, forced many of their people to perish
in the high seas while seeking refugee status in the Middle East and Europe,
and uprooted hundreds of thousands are still around and have the audacity to
even ask for more power,” he adds.
The repentance process must be
followed by the application of the sharia. Any dispute that may arise must be
returned to the Qur’an and the “sunnah”
(tradition), says Idris, on the basis of the Qur’anic verse: “...And if you quarrel over anything, refer it back
to Allah and His Messenger, if you believe in Allah and the Last Day…” (4:59).
Sincere and clean leaders devoid of corruption should take the helm of the
country. Idris calls for a genuine reconciliation among Somali groups based on
equality, fairness, and justice. Unlike other Islamists who seek a monopoly of
power for their groups, Idris is adamant about not letting any group, Islamic
or secular, take ownership of the political power. “Somalia is for all,” he
states, “and is not beholden to any group.”
Shaikh Mohamed Idris is not your
normal cleric who sermonizes and sticks to spiritual guidance. He has been, not
long ago, the president and chief operating officer of the North American
Council of Somali Imams, a non-profit umbrella organization for Somali-owned
Islamic centers. He has been to all cities and towns in which Somalis
congregate in the United States. His message to Somalis is rather
unconventional: Give priority to your families, children, work, and education
here in America. He has constantly warned Somali-Americans not to concern
themselves with the politics and the shenanigans of politicians back home who
are welcomed here and treated like heroes. “Instead of engaging in ‘fadhi-ku-dirir’ (chatter) in cafes
talking nonsense about politics and who became a cabinet minister and who did
not,” he admonishes Somalis, “take care of your children who are joining gangs every
day.” Idris has told Somalis in this
country to become better citizens, engage as active members of their
communities, and be united for a common cause and not by clannish grouping.
“Somalia should be your fourth or fifth priority,” he tells his audience, “not
the first.” He has actively warned young Somalis not to travel to Somalia to
join groups that use religion for their devious goals and twisted understanding
of Islam. Idris, who does not advocate violence in his speeches or activities,
sees saving Somali children from drugs, gangs, and the loss of their religion
and culture as the utmost priority of his mission.
