Wednesday, December 11, 2013

12 Years in Somali Prison: The Forgotten Senegalese Prisoner


Abdullahi Jama, 60, is a Somali professional in Seattle, Washington. He is a man of medium height who has legal training and is multi-lingual. He speaks Italian, English, Russian, and, of course, Somali fluently. He is a walking encyclopedia having witnessed the historical events of Somalia. He was born in the 1950s in what is now the Somali region of Ethiopia but grew up in Mogadishu.
He was sent to several European countries for officer training and law courses and later reached the rank of colonel in the army. He worked in various government ministries, including a stint in the president’s office under the Siad Barre regime. Amazingly, Jama knows who is who in Somali politics and can regale one with tales from his various sojourns in government.

However, one incident has left a bad taste in his mouth. “It was a scalding moment of embarrassment for the government,” he said. The unusual encounter with a foreigner left a lasting impact on both men. Jama told me he only remembers his first name.
Abdisalam, a young Senegalese freelance writer, came to Mogadishu in 1976 to interview the country’s officials and people.  He was vibrantly intelligent, gregarious, and demonstrated princely manners. Abdisalam was excited to write about Somalia, then an African regime that had adopted socialism. He visited Ethiopia first, and then came to Somalia through Djibouti. Somalia, during that period of heightened ideological fervor and rhetoric, harbored anti-West sentiments, and the officials were suspicious of foreigners. The fear was that some of these foreign visitors were under cover spies commissioned by the American CIA or European governments. As was the custom, Abdisalam was questioned by agents of the Somali National Security, better known by its Italian acronym of NSS.

Abdisalam was a man of mystery to the secret police. He was Senegalese by birth, but his mother was Gambian, thus making him a man of dual nationality. He had visited an arch enemy of Somalia (Ethiopia) and—most damning of all—he was a roving journalist. Somalia’s dictatorial regime did not allow room for free press or give foreign journalists the opportunity to roam the country.

The secret police were at a loss of what to do: They opened a case file on Abdisalam and took him straight to Laanta Buur, a notorious prison 40 kilometers south of Mogadishu. Abdisalam was confused, helpless, and petrified. He was in an alien country and had lost his freedom. He felt that his life was in utter shambles.  No one told him why he was in prison.
That was 1976.

Twelve years later, in 1988, something odd happened. Colonel Jama and Abdisalam came face to face for the first time. Jama was asked to inspect Laanta Buur prison. He was talking to inmates when someone tapped on his shoulder and asked, “Excuse me sir, do you speak English?”
Jama answered, “Yes."

Jama did not expect to encounter a foreign inmate among the Somali prisoners. Moreover, to the officer, Abdisalam did not stand out: A black man, lean-built, and haggard-looking. “Can you help me?” the foreigner requested. “I have been in prison for 12 years and no one has told me why.”
Jama conferred with the man on the side to learn his story. Upon hearing the man’s ordeal, Jama’s face contorted in pain. The Senegalese man seemed oddly relaxed for someone whose life had been taken from him. Jama wondered how this man had spent 12 years in a prison without anyone charging him with a crime or checking on his welfare. It was stunning news that drew incredulous stares. Gasps of disbelief echoed in the corridors of the prison administration. Abdisalam himself could not provide an adequate answer about his presence in the prison. Jama first notified his boss, General Ismail Ismail, the head of the country’s prison bureau. Jama then contacted the NSS to inquire about the man’s case. To his astonishment, the Senegalese man’s file was bare and nothing seemed out of the ordinary. There was neither an ongoing investigation nor a closed one, a case of purgatory coming early, only no one knew Abdisalam’s sins.

Furthermore, there had been no entries since the foreigner’s initial arrival date in the country. This was a serious matter and a ghastly tale. Intelligence officers are paid to be suspicious, but this was a case of smart people making elementary mistakes. No one had followed up on the case for 12 years.
President Siad Barre was immediately informed. Barre was shocked and asked for more information about Abdisalam.

The secret agents went through Abdisalam’s luggage and made a discovery, one that turned the case upside down. The Senegalese man had written laudable articles about Barre and his socialist-leaning government.  Some of the clippings of his writings were worn out, others torn, but there was no iota of doubt that the writer was progressive in his ideas and supportive of the regime. Barre ordered Abdisalam released and he was taken to Shabelle Hotel. The International Red Cross was immediately contacted to locate the man’s family. Jama told this writer that the government apologized profusely to Abdisalam and gave him $20,000 in cash as compensation for his ill-treatment. He left the country in 1988. His important message to Somalia was one left unsaid: “I have survived.”
The president of International Red Cross was pleased with Jama and his hard work of doing all the legwork in the process of releasing Abdisalam. Jama received an award from the international organization. “This is the best job recognition and award I have ever received,” said Jama. That, however, did not provide solace for how badly he felt about the case. ”It is the saddest incidence that I ever witnessed in my long civil service career,” he added.
Sometime in 1988, Abdisalam contacted members of the Somali government and told them he wanted to visit Somalia again. It was not clear whether his request was a sign of Stockholm syndrome—a psychological condition in which one develops positive feelings toward his captor— or whether Abdisalam was  seeking closure to his harrowing ordeal. He was politely advised not to come to Somalia due to the political turmoil the country was experiencing. “No one has heard from him since,” said Jama. “I wonder what he is doing now.”

Like a camera revealing an image, Abdisalam’s case exposed a web of incompetence, cruelty, and a broken system of injustice and accountability. The case was a tale of sadness and tragedy. No one was blamed for the string of catastrophic errors. Jama makes no excuses: “The Somali government messed up, big time,” he laments.
(Reprinted with permission from Sahan Journal, December 11, 2013).

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